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The 2013 Pacific typhoon season was the most active Pacific typhoon season since 2004, as well as the deadliest since 1975. The season began with the formation of Severe Tropical Storm Sonamu on January 1; however, most of the first seventeen named storms before mid-September were relatively weak, as only two of them reached the typhoon strength. Typhoon Soulik in July was the strongest tropical cyclone to affect Taiwan in 2013. In August, Typhoon Utor cost US$2.6 billion damage and killed 97 people, becoming the second deadliest tropical cyclone of the Philippines in 2013. Three systems in August, Pewa, Unala and 03C, continuously crossed the International Date Line from the Central Pacific and entered this basin. The first two-thirds of the season were very weak, with only two typhoons forming despite the average amount of named storms forming. However, the season became dramatically active since mid-September. The last fourteen named storms formed within approximately two months, yet only three of them were below the typhoon strength. Initially, Typhoon Man-yi made landfall over Japan. Tropical Depression 18W, known in Vietnam as Tropical Storm No.8, flooding triggered by the storm in Vietnam, Laos and Thailand damaged nearly US$80 million and 23 deads. Typhoon Usagi made landfall over Guangdong, China and cost US$4.6 billion in the country, which was the third strongest storm of the basin in 2013. Later, Typhoon Wutip made landfall over Vietnam. In early October, Typhoon Fitow made landfall over Fujian, China and caused over US$10 billion damage, becoming the costliest tropical cyclone in 2013. Typhoon Danas affected Japan and South Korea, but without significant damage. Typhoon Nari brought significant damage over the Philippines and eventually made landfall over Vietnam, as well as Typhoon Wipha killed 41 people in Japan. Typhoon Francisco and Typhoon Lekima did not directly affect any country, but they were both violent typhoons, especially the latter one becoming the second strongest of this basin in 2013. Typhoon Krosa crossed the northern Luzon on October 31 and intensified further, although it dissipated in the South China Sea. In early November, Tropical Depression Wilma formed over the Caroline Islands, moved out of the basin, and ultimately arrived in the Arabian Sea in mid-November. At the same time in early November, Typhoon Haiyan initially affected Palau significantly. The typhoon later became one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record and immediately made landfall over the Philippines. After arriving at the South China Sea, Haiyan made landfall over Vietnam and also impact Guangxi and Hainan provinces of China. Typhoon Haiyan, also known as Typhoon Yolanda, caused 6,300 fatalities and over US$2 billion damage in the Philippines, becoming the deadliest and costliest typhoon in the modern Philippine history. ==Seasonal forecasts== During each season, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country.〔 These agencies include the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Vietnamese National Center for Hydro Meteorological forecasts (VNCHMF).〔〔 In early December 2012, the VNCHMF noted that a tropical depression or a tropical storm could form within December or January and affect Southern Vietnam. Within its January — June seasonal climate outlook, PAGASA predicted that two to three tropical cyclones were likely to develop and/or enter the Philippine area of responsibility between January and March while two to four were predicted for the April to June period.〔 On March 3, the VNCHMF predicted that there would be 11 - 13 tropical cyclones over the South China Sea during the season, with 5-6 directly affecting Vietnam. Later that month the Hong Kong Observatory, predicted that the typhoon season in Hong Kong would be near normal with four to seven tropical cyclones passing within of the territory compared to an average of 6. In late April, the China Meteorological Administration's Shanghai Typhoon Institute (CMA-STI) predicted that between 22 and 25 tropical storms would develop within the basin during the year, while the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) predicted that at least two tropical storms would move towards Thailand during 2013.〔 The first of the two tropical storms was predicted to pass near Upper Thailand in either August or September, while the other one was expected to move to the south of Southern Thailand during October or November. On May 7, the TSR Consortium released their first forecast of the season and predicted that the basin would see a near average season with 25.6 tropical storms, 16 typhoons, 8.9 "intense" typhoons and an ACE index of about 311 units.〔 In late June after a slow start to the season Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau predicted that the season, would be near average of 25.7 with 23 – 27 tropical storms occurring over the basin during 2013.〔 Between two and four of the systems were also predicted to affect Taiwan compared to an average of around 3.6.〔 Within its July forecast update TSR noted that despite the slow start to the season, they continued to anticipate either near or slightly above-normal activity for the remainder of 2013; however, the ACE index was reduced slightly to 294 units.〔 During July, PAGASA predicted that between eight and eleven tropical cyclones were likely to develop and/or enter the Philippine area of responsibility between July and September while five to eight were predicted to occur between October and December. Later in the month the VNCHMF, predicted that nine to ten tropical cyclones would be observed within the South China Sea, during the rest of the year. They also predicted that four to five tropical cyclones would directly affect Vietnam, while the CMA-STI predicted that between 22 - 25 tropical storms would develop or move into the basin during the year.〔 On August 6, TSR released their August update and significantly lowered their forecast to 22.3 tropical storms, 13.2 typhoons, 6.6 "intense" typhoons and an ACE index of about 230, which they noted would result in activity about 20% below their 1965–2012 average.〔 This was because the season was running about 60% below the expected year-to-date activity and only one to two typhoons had developed by the end of July.〔 During October 2013, the VNCHMF predicted that one to two tropical cyclones would develop and possibly affect Vietnam between November 2013 and April 2014. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2013 Pacific typhoon season」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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